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Mathematician Hannah Fry didn’t like data – until she found out Wikipedia’s secret. Watch this extract from Wingspan Production's latest programme; The Joy of Data.
5 loops where clicking 1st link does not lead you to the Philosophy page. 0:00 Intro 0:57 Fact/Truth Loop 3:58 Mathematics/Arithmetic Loop 5:51 United States Loop 8:07 Tram Loop 8:35 Trump Loop 9:57 Random Pages #Philosophy #Wikipedia #GettingToPhilosophy Music: Among the Clouds, by Darren Curtis
Open a random page, click the 1st link, repeat: eventually you arrive at the Philosophy page. Study Skills playlist: 🤍 0:00 Intro 0:20 Tim Donahue (drummer) 2:02 List of WWE Women's Champions (oh my!) 2:40 Das Vierte 3:37 (1st detour into Wiktionary) 5:35 Acalyptris paradividua 6:28 German submarine U-198 6:53 Finer Feelings 7:59 Why this method consistenly leads to the Philosophy page 8:22 Dresden Castle 8:35 Mitchell Waite 9:50 List of busiest ports by cargo tonnage 10:49 Not every article leads to Philosophy, some lead to loops 11:10 What happens when we apply this method to the Philosophy article? #Philosophy #Wikipedia #GettingToPhilosophy Music: Among the Clouds, by Darren Curtis Drone in D, by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License 🤍
A quick look at what makes Wikipedia work and what made it one of the most visited sites on the internet. MERCH: 🤍 PATREON: 🤍 REDDIT: 🤍 TWITTER: 🤍 DISCORD: 🤍 Download Wikipedia: 🤍 Sources: 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 Music: "Omission" by Huma-Huma "Talkies" by Huma-Huma "Pas de Deux" by Bird Creek "Nighttime Stroll" by E's Jammy Jams #Wikipedia #Encyclopedia #Internet #Knowledge
#Philosophicalrazors #Debate #Burden #Powerscale #SCPexplained #SCPWiki #Top5 #Logic #razors #philosophy #Occam'srazor #every #Hitchen'sRazor #wikipedia ME TikTok 🤍 Insta 🤍 Discord: Optimized#6254 Xbox: OptimizedYT#5620 In this video I go over every razor. Occam's Razor, Sagan's Standard, Hitchen's Razor, Newton's Flaming Razor Sword, Hanlon's Razor, Hume's Guillotine, Grice's Razor, Popper's Falsifiability Principle. Links Wikipedia 🤍 Problem of Induction 🤍 The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 🤍 MUSIC Lofi type beat "biscuit" - lukrembo 🤍 lukrembo - affogato 🤍 Moonshine - Prigida Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): 🤍 License code: MY4O80WTCDZ4XURL Cozy - Prigida Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): 🤍 License code: YGCQX83DMMSC8APC TIMESTAMPS 0:00 - Intro 0:36 - Occam's-Razor 1:13 - Sagan's-Standard 1:43 - Hitchen's-Razor 2:21 - Newton's-Flaming-Razor-Sword 3:02 - Hanlon's-Razor 3:36 - Hume's-Guillotine 4:28 - Grice's-Razor 5:24 - Popper's-Falsifiability-Principle 6:46 - Outro
Hannah Fry is a mathematician, author, lecturer, radio and TV presenter, podcaster and pyblic speaker.
For any random Wikipedia article, if you click the first link that is not in parenthesis or is an disambiguation, you will eventually get to Philosophy.
Click any blue link (that's not in parentheses) on any Wikipedia page, then repeat on the new page. This process will ALWAYS lead you to Philosophy. Edit: ALMOST always ;-) When an article leads back to itself, that's called a "loop." Some loops are temporary and they take care of themselves. Others are intentionally created by people trying to dethrone philosophy article. Either way, it's an interesting phenomenon! Why is this? In this video, I present one explanation. Visualizing the Wikipedia neural networks: 🤍 Original blog post: 🤍 And of course, Wikipedia itself, starting with some random article.
This video tells how and why almost every page on #Wikipedia leads to #philosophy when we click the first link of the article. Xefer Wikipedia radial graph: 🤍
Here's something strange, but it really works.. Go to Wikipedia, any random article will do. Click the first link of any article, but skip anything in parentheses (brackets). Repeat this and you will eventually end up on Philosophy. Wikipedia page about this trick! 🤍
Go to a random Wikipedia article, click on first link (skip parentheses). Repeat. You always end up on "Philosophy".
I love Wikipedia! I even donated to it. But I won't donate again, now that I've learned how BIASED Wikipedia has become. ———— To make sure you see the new weekly video from Stossel TV, sign up here: 🤍 ———— No right-leaning outlets, Fox News Politics, the Daily Wire, the Daily Caller, etc… is considered “reliable” by Wikipedia. None. But even some of the most extreme leftist outlets get a "reliable" badge like “Jacobin," a self-described SOCIALIST outlet. Vox, Buzzfeed News, and Slate are also deemed “reliable” by Wikipedia. Editors may base stories on their reporting. Why did Wikipedia become so biased? Veteran Wikipedian Jonathan Weiss tells me that the site, like academia, has been captured by leftists. Some Wikipedia administrators even brag on their profiles, "this user is a socialist." Another put up images idolizing communist murderers Che Guevara and Vladimir Lenin. These administrators make final decisions about what counts as “reliable," and what goes on Wikipedia. That’s why for years, Wiki's "communism" page made NO mention of the millions killed by that ideology. US border facilities are listed under "concentration camps,” on the same page as Wikipedia’s holocaust facilities. Can we fix this? Wikipedia is supposed to be a site that "anyone can edit," so I made an edit. You can find out what happened in the video above.
Is Wikipedia a reliable source, or is it as prone to bias and false information as any other media outlet? In this video, we explore the fundamental problems of modern Wikipedia, and discover how the website regularly lies to its readers. One of the most basic lies Wikipedia tells is that it has a neutrality policy - in reality, the policy has glaring flaws. It's frequently used to assert liberal left worldviews as fact, as if they were the neutral statements of truth. On issues including (but not limited to) race and crime, drug legalization, and even religion, Wikipedia presents unbalanced and in some cases outright misleading information. The website has gotten to the point that its own co-founder, Larry Sanger, even wrote an article verbally destroying it. The article, titled 'Wikipedia Is Badly Biased' will be linked below. Other sources, including the many different studies documenting Wikipedia's left wing bias, are also linked. Follow me on other platforms! Telegram - 🤍 Bitchute - 🤍 Odysee - 🤍 Gab - 🤍 Citations: Wikipedia Is Badly Biased by Larry Sanger - 🤍 Do Experts or Collective Intelligence Write with More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia - 🤍 Ideology and Composition Among an Online Crowd: Evidence from Wikipedians - 🤍 Wikipedia Source Analysis - 🤍 Differential rates of disciplinary action reveals evidence of political bias in Wikipedia's arbitration enforcement - 🤍 Music used in this video (in chronological order): Serenity - Prod. Riddiman Journey to Rome Part I - Jeff Van Dyck Autumn - Jeff Van Dyck Rome HQ - Jeff Van Dyck
YO YO YO WHAT'S UP PEOPLE!!!!! I came across this cool game which isn't actually a game per se. You guys should try it out too! It's been a long time since I uploaded a video. Thanks for sticking around. I'll do my best to be regular with uploads. #wiki #gaming #Wikipedia Like, share and subscribe!!! JAMHAMMER 🤍 INNOPID 🤍
Wikipedia is no doubt one of the most useful resources as a student as it basically has articles on everything you can think of from history and literature to calculus and physics. Despite this, most teachers and professors aren't very big fans of Wikipedia given that the site has historically not been the most accurate or reputable because anyone can submit revisions and additions to the site. Over time, the site has become much more accurate due to the large number of contributors, and in most cases, all of the sources used for the wiki article are cited. So, Wikipedia is often a great starting point to get a general understanding of a topic or concept which can then be confirmed by cross-referencing the sources. But, this still leaves the question: Who founded Wikipedia and where are the founders today? This video explains the story of Larry Sanger, Jimmy Wales, and Wikipedia, and how they created one of the most resourceful sites in the world. Socials: 🤍 Discord Community: 🤍 Timestamps: 0:00 - Wikipedia 0:59 - Jimmy Wales 3:45 - Larry Sanger 6:00 - Nupedia 8:10 - Wikipedia 10:16 - Jimmy & Larry Today Thumbnail Credits: Rex 🤍 🤍 Resources: 🤍
Let's talk about Wikipedia. Wikipedia is often maligned by teachers and twitter trolls alike as an unreliable source. And yes, it does sometimes have major errors and omissions, but Wikipedia is also the Internet's largest general reference work and as such an incredibly powerful tool. Today we'll discuss using Wikipedia for good - to help us get a birds-eye view of content, better evaluate information with lateral reading, and find trustworthy primary sources. Special thanks to our partners from MediaWise who helped create this series: The Poynter Institute The Stanford History Education Group (sheg.stanford.edu) Follow MediaWise and their fact-checking work across social: 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 MediaWise is supported by Google. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at 🤍 Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever: Eric Prestemon, Sam Buck, Mark Brouwer, Naman Goel, Patrick Wiener II, Nathan Catchings, Efrain R. Pedroza, Brandon Westmoreland, dorsey, Indika Siriwardena, James Hughes, Kenneth F Penttinen, Trevin Beattie, Satya Ridhima Parvathaneni, Erika & Alexa Saur, Glenn Elliott, Justin Zingsheim, Jessica Wode, Kathrin Benoit, Tom Trval, Jason Saslow, Nathan Taylor, Brian Thomas Gossett, Khaled El Shalakany, SR Foxley, Yasenia Cruz, Eric Koslow, Caleb Weeks, Tim Curwick, D.A. Noe, Shawn Arnold, Malcolm Callis, Advait Shinde, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, Rachel Bright, Jirat, Ian Dundore Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet? Facebook - 🤍 Twitter - 🤍 Tumblr - 🤍 Support Crash Course on Patreon: 🤍 CC Kids: 🤍
Google's opinion about Russia(ns)... Why do people hate all the Russians?! In the video I'll show you some auto-fill stuff. I also included some part about Wikipedia. When you click in a random English wiki on the first link that's not italic or in brackets, you'll always end up at: Philosophy.
💡 If you’ve been on Wikipedia at any point in the last few months, you'd see those alarming ads asking for your donations. It seems like they're strugglingly financially. But, does Wikipedia really need your money that badly? What's the truth? Where is Wikipedia spending your donations? #finance #economics #accounting #startups 🔖 This video essay was inspired by: HaDewey, Caitlin. “Wikipedia Has a Ton of Money. So Why Is It Begging You to Donate Yours?” The Washington Post, WP Company, 28 Apr. 2019 🎵 Music / Footages used in video: Onion Capers by Kevin MacLeod; Link: 🤍 License: 🤍 ✌️ Subscribe to our channel here 🤍 — 👉 Follow Marg!ns: Facebook: 🤍 Instagram: 🤍marginsyoutube Tiktok (new): 🤍marginsyoutube Twitter: Coming Soon — About Marg!ns: Margins (stylized as Marg!ns) is an up-and-coming educational channel about how behavioral economics plays a role in businesses. The channel's namesake, "margins", is an important buzzword in finance, accounting and economics. Our goal is to inspire and empower entrepreneurs and startups. — About the creator: Just a 20-something CPA sharing what he loves, and he wants the world to feel the love too!
Should you believe Wikipedia? An introduction to social and virtue epistemology, with questions about the utility of philosophy for HCI researchers Amy Bruckman Georgia Institute of Technology May 7, 2021 How do we know what is "true"? Understanding the fundamental nature of truth and knowledge are increasingly critical for HCI researchers. In this talk, I'll introduce ideas from social and virtue epistemology, and explain their relevance for us as designers of socio-technical systems, and as teachers of future computing professionals. Learn more about Stanford's Human-Computer Interaction Group: 🤍 Learn about Stanford's Graduate Certificate in HCI: 🤍 View the full playlist: 🤍
Wikipedia does not care about rational thinking. This video shows why this is, using the Cultural Marxism article as an example. LINKS All My Links: 🤍 If you want to leave me a tip / support my content: 🤍 Follow me on Twitter for channel updates and general bantz: 🤍 My Discord: 🤍 Odysee Backup: 🤍 Rumble Backup: 🤍 = Additional reading: 🤍 🤍
Wikipedia began with the goal of distributing a free, high-quality encyclopedia to every person on the planet. This internet project, written collaboratively by volunteers in over 260 languages, is now over 10 times larger than Encyclopedia Britannica. Founder Jimmy Wales considers how the project is meeting its many ideals. Karen Saupe hosts
This is a short video about how the online information repository Wikipedia came into being. NOTE: This video is intended to be a very simple overview of the Wikipedia project. With that said, the video does gloss over Larry Sanger's contributions to Wikipedia, and it oversimplifies his reasons for leaving the project. As pointed out by Larry Sanger himself, Mr. Sanger did approve of, and support Wikipedia as a free, open source, online encyclopedia; however, he was critical of "certain aspects of the Wikipedia project." More information on Larry Sanger's role in Wikipedia's development, and his criticism of the model, can be found here: 🤍 More interesting stuff at: 🤍. ...or follow 🤍SurviveEnglish on Twitter
today i looked at unhinged wikipedia articles that are real, these wikipedia articles are actually real, can you believe these unhinged wikipedia articles are actually real? they feel like something only a person who could write a youtube description this one could. How many of yall read this? ive left increasingly indecipherable and borderline cognitohazard material in this section and it rarely gets mentioned. The few who have been made aware of what exists beneath the show more fold are a privileged yet cursed people. wiki articles are unhinged u can stream my song "cracker!" everywhere: 🤍 edited by: nina: 🤍 nuka: 🤍 MASKED UP CLOTHING: 🤍 Discord: 🤍 Instagram: 🤍 Twitter: 🤍 Tik Tok: 🤍 2nd Channel: 🤍 Twitch: 🤍 Subscribe: 🤍
🤍 Jimmy Wales recalls how he assembled "a ragtag band of volunteers," gave them tools for collaborating and created Wikipedia, the self-organizing, self-correcting, never-finished online encyclopedia. TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers are invited to give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes including speakers such as Jill Bolte Taylor, Sir Ken Robinson, Hans Rosling, Al Gore and Arthur Benjamin. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, and Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, politics and the arts. Watch the Top 10 TEDTalks on TED.com, at 🤍
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:02:14 1 Significant people and publications 00:05:10 2 Philosophy 00:09:29 3 Science 00:14:57 4 Sociology, economics and law 00:17:32 5 Politics 00:18:18 5.1 Theories of government 00:26:01 5.2 Enlightened absolutism 00:28:40 5.3 French Revolution 00:30:55 6 Religion 00:35:17 6.1 Separation of church and state 00:37:01 7 National variations 00:38:07 7.1 Great Britain 00:38:16 7.1.1 England 00:40:08 7.1.2 Scotland 00:41:24 7.1.3 American colonies 00:43:11 7.2 German states 00:48:28 7.3 Italy 00:51:03 7.4 Russia 00:52:37 7.5 Portugal 00:55:35 7.6 Poland 00:57:36 8 Historiography 00:59:10 8.1 Definition 00:59:58 8.2 Time span 01:04:01 8.3 Modern study 01:05:33 9 Society and culture 01:08:51 9.1 Social and cultural implications in the arts 01:14:10 10 Dissemination of ideas 01:18:20 10.1 The Republic of Letters 01:18:46 10.2 The book industry 01:23:26 10.3 Natural history 01:30:33 10.4 Scientific and literary journals 01:33:19 10.5 Encyclopedias and dictionaries 01:35:43 10.6 Popularization of science 01:43:24 10.7 Schools and universities 01:47:48 10.8 Learned academies 01:50:17 10.9 Salons 01:55:47 10.10 Coffeehouses 01:56:10 10.11 Debating societies 02:01:14 10.12 Masonic lodges 02:04:53 10.13 Art 02:12:04 11 Important intellectuals 02:12:54 12 See also 02:13:05 13 References Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.7694161934291918 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = The Age of Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason or simply the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy".Some consider the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) as the first major enlightenment work. French historians traditionally date the Enlightenment from 1715 to 1789, from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution. Most end it with the turn of the 19th century. Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses and in printed books, journals, and pamphlets. The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the Church and paved the way for the political revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism and neo-classicism, trace their intellectual heritage to the Enlightenment.The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state. In France, the central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers were individual liberty and religious tolerance, in opposition to an absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church. The Enlightenment was marked by an emphasis on the scientific method and reductionism, along with increased questioning of religious orthodoxy—an attitude captured by the phrase Sapere aude (Dare to know).
Take any article and click on the first link not in parenthesis or italics. Repeat. Eventually you'll end up at the article on philosophy. 🤍 Thanx to Randell Munroe for suggesting this idea: 🤍
Support the channel by watching this video ad-free on Nebula: 🤍 The Fermi paradox: the mystery of why humans are alone in the universe. In an old Wikipedia article, I learned a secret about it. Support the channel on Patreon: 🤍 Twitter: 🤍 Music by: Epidemic Sound 🤍
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:01:06 1 Synopsis 00:03:37 2 Reception Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.8310338278323767 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today is the first non-fiction book in Blackwell Publishing Company’s Philosophy & Pop Culture series and is edited by philosopher and ontologist, Robert Arp, at the time assistant professor of philosophy at Southwest Minnesota State University. The series itself is edited by William Irwin, who is a professor of philosophy at King's College, Pennsylvania in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. The book utilizes the five classic branches of Western philosophy, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and logic, in order to analyze episodes of South Park as well as place the show in a context of current popular culture. The book was published December 1, 2006. The following year, South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating—volume 26 of Open Court Publishing Company's Popular Culture and Philosophy series—was published, with editing by philosopher Richard Hanley.
This video talks about how the world's largest encyclopedia came to be and how it operates differently than most other popular websites. To submit ideas and vote on future topics: 🤍 Patreon: 🤍 Twitter: 🤍 A very special thanks to this wonderful group of Patrons: Amy Westacott, Angus Clydesdale, Brandon L, Brett Walton, Chris Lion-Transler, Christian & Penny Gray, Dominique Dugas, Dustin Van Horn, Dylan Kinnard, Emerald Computers – Jason Dragon, Fortunate Calf, Jesse Long, Jimmy1985, Jon, Julianne Beach, Logan Brown, Marshall Kurtz, Meow Wolf, Michelle Chisholm, Mike Weaver, milkshake, My NameIsKir, Nicholas Murphy, Peter Wesselius, Rob, Robert T Kirton, Sam Bennett, Sirpoptart, Sondre Grimsmo Sinnes, Stewart Tritapoe, Super Duper Paratrooper, Taylor LaBrier, Tristan Williams, Victor Anne, Vincent Frame. Company Declines: Kmart: 🤍 Blockbuster: 🤍 RadioShack: 🤍 Solo Cups: 🤍 Toys "R" Us: 🤍 hhgregg: 🤍 Pan Am: 🤍 ESPN: 🤍 Gibson: 🤍 iHeartMedia: 🤍 Bon-Ton: 🤍 Kodak: 🤍 General Electric: 🤍 Woolworth: 🤍 Dell: 🤍 Sears: 🤍 Payless: 🤍 Hostess: 🤍 Redbox: 🤍 Nokia: 🤍 JCPenney: 🤍 Quiznos: 🤍 GameStop: 🤍 NASCAR: 🤍 Shopko: 🤍 MoviePass: 🤍 Reebok: 🤍 The Gap: 🤍 Pier 1 Imports: 🤍 Sbarro: 🤍 AOL: 🤍 Long John Silver's: 🤍 Chuck E. Cheese's: 🤍 GNC: 🤍 Website created by - 🤍 Intro Made By - 🤍
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The Thinker (Le Penseur) is a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin, usually placed on a stone pedestal. He is seen leaning over, his right elbow placed on his left thigh, holding the weight of his chin on the back of his right hand. The pose is one of deep thought and contemplation, and the statue is often used as an image to represent philosophy. This video uses material from the Wikipedia article 🤍 00:01:13 - Origin 00:03:49 - Casts 00:04:52 - Art market 00:05:20 - Reception 00:07:14 - Similar sculptures This channel turns Wikipedia pages into videos! All speech audio used in our videos is completely A.I. generated. If you have any requests for a specific Wikipedia page to be turned into video format please email us or leave a comment on one of our videos. This channel is not affiliated with Wikipedia in any way, and is entirely a private venture. If you have found this channel useful please consider donating to The Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit that operates Wikipedia. I know I couldn't have gotten through school without it...
Wikipedia is Darker Than You Thought Wikipedia is Darker than you thought! Don’t believe me? What if I told you that there’s an article about a book linked to the death of 3 children, another one about a banned DVD that showcases horrible actions committed towards a person with a disability, and one more about an isolated man… Let’s look at these articles! Discord Server Link: 🤍 #wikipedia #disturbing
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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Philosophy of science 00:03:37 1 Introduction 00:03:46 1.1 Defining science 00:05:16 1.2 Scientific explanation 00:06:41 1.3 Justifying science 00:09:36 1.4 Observation inseparable from theory 00:11:13 1.5 The purpose of science 00:12:39 1.6 Values and science 00:13:48 2 History 00:13:57 2.1 Pre-modern 00:14:55 2.2 Modern 00:16:37 2.3 Logical positivism 00:20:10 2.4 Thomas Kuhn 00:22:10 3 Current approaches 00:22:19 3.1 Naturalism's axiomatic assumptions 00:25:57 3.2 Coherentism 00:28:16 3.3 Anything goes methodology 00:29:23 3.4 Sociology of scientific knowledge methodology 00:31:40 3.5 Continental philosophy 00:34:03 4 Other topics 00:34:12 4.1 Reductionism 00:35:04 4.2 Social accountability 00:35:51 5 Philosophy of particular sciences 00:36:35 5.1 Philosophy of statistics 00:37:29 5.2 Philosophy of mathematics 00:38:25 5.3 Philosophy of physics 00:39:09 5.4 Philosophy of chemistry 00:40:17 5.5 Philosophy of Earth sciences 00:40:52 5.6 Philosophy of biology 00:42:17 5.7 Philosophy of medicine 00:43:27 5.8 Philosophy of psychology 00:46:40 5.9 Philosophy of psychiatry 00:47:28 5.10 Philosophy of economics 00:48:38 5.11 Philosophy of social science 00:51:25 6 See also 00:51:34 7 Footnotes 00:51:43 8 Sources 00:51:52 9 Further reading 00:52:01 10 External links Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth. There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself. While philosophical thought pertaining to science dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was also formative, challenging the view of scientific progress as steady, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on a fixed method of systematic experimentation and instead arguing that any progress is relative to a "paradigm," the set of questions, concepts, and practices that define a scientific discipline in a particular historical period. Karl Popper and Charles Sanders Peirce moved on from positivism to establish a modern set of standards for scientific methodology. Subsequently, the coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole, became prominent due to W. V. Quine and others. Some thinkers such as Stephen Jay Gould seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. A vocal minority of philosophers, and Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the "scientific method", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in continental philosophy approaches science from the perspect ...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Interactionism (philosophy of mind) Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = Interactionism or interactionist dualism is the theory in the philosophy of mind which holds that matter and mind are two distinct and independent substances that exert causal effects on one another. It is one type of dualism, traditionally a type of substance dualism though more recently also sometimes a form of property dualism.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Quietism (Christian philosophy) Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = Quietism is the name given (especially in Roman Catholic Church theology) to a set of Christian beliefs that rose in popularity in France, Italy, and Spain during the late 1670s and 1680s, particularly associated with the writings of Miguel de Molinos (and subsequently François Malaval and Madame Guyon), and which were condemned as heresy by Pope Innocent XI in the papal bull Coelestis Pastor of 1687. The "Quietist" heresy was seen to consist of wrongly elevating "contemplation" over "meditation", intellectual stillness over vocal prayer, and interior passivity over pious action in an account of mystical prayer, spiritual growth and union with God (one in which, the accusation ran, there existed the possibility of achieving a sinless state and union with the Christian Godhead). Since the late seventeenth century, "Quietism" has functioned (especially within Roman Catholic theology, though also to an extent within Protestant theology), as the shorthand for accounts which are perceived to fall foul of the same theological errors, and thus to be heretical. As such, the term has come to be applied to beliefs far outside its original context. The term quietism was not used until the 17th century, so some writers have dubbed the expression of such errors before this era as "pre-quietism".
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